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Optimization Rewarding Shareholders Ltd
Hlavatá, Yvona ; Kříž, Petr (referee) ; Kopřiva, Jan (advisor)
This Bachelor thesis is focusing on possible forms of remunerating members of a limited liability company. It analyses the existing way of remunerating a member of a particular company and by means of created models of remuneration it is looking for the most optimal combination of paying out a share in profits, remuneration on the basis of the commercial-law relationship and salary on the basis of the labour-law relationship from the point of view of the tax burden, including the social and health insurance payments by this company.
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Distribution of profit in stock corporation
Krebs, Jakub ; Liška, Petr (advisor) ; Hurychová, Klára (referee)
Distribution of profit in stock corporation Abstract The decision on the distribution of profit and its payment not only in the context of a stock corporation is a crucial and complex process, the regulation of which is constantly changing due to the influence of the actual practice, court decision-making and evolving legislation, and for this reason it is not superfluous to monitor it regularly. In particular, due to the still recent amendment to Act No. 90/2012 Coll., on Commercial Companies and Cooperatives (the Business Corporations Act), which was brought into effect on 1 January 2021 by Act No. 33/2020 Coll., a number of fundamental changes have occurred (as in other areas of corporate law) in the process of decision-making on profit distribution. This thesis aims to highlight these changes, analyze their impact, compare them with the previous regulation and place them in the overall context of the regulation of profit distribution. Although the broadest possible coverage of the amendments is a key part of this thesis, its main objective is a thorough description and analysis of the entire process of decision-making on profit distribution with a special focus on the joint stock company and its specifics, including all issues related to the individual stages of the process itself and issues closely...
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Ascertaining beneficial owners of limited business corporations and the legal consequences of discrepancies in their register
Tocik, Jan ; Černá, Stanislava (advisor) ; Josková, Lucie (referee)
1 Ascertaining beneficial owners of limited business corporations and the legal consequences of discrepancies in their register Abstract The ongoing EU regulatory developments in the area of anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism have brought obligations to identify and register data on beneficial owners of legal persons and legal arrangements. Beneficial owners are, in the most general sense, natural persons who, on a factual or legal basis, directly or indirectly, control a legal person or legal arrangement, own a significant share in it or draw a substantial part of funds from its capital resources. The main purpose and objective of these obligations is to ensure increased transparency of these legal entities so that they cannot be easily exploited for the perpetration of (financial) crime. In order to implement the latest European legislation into the Czech legal system, the Czech legislator adopted (and is currently amending) Act No. 37/2021 Sb., on the Register of Beneficial Owners, which regulates this legal matter in a general and comprehensive manner. The object of this thesis is the analysis of the new statutory regulation and the assessment of whether it is capable of achieving its objective, which is to ensure increased transparency of legal persons, specifically in the...
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Advance Payments of the Share in the Profit of Limited Companies
Bastlová, Michaela ; Josková, Lucie (referee)
Advance Payments of the Share in the Profit of Limited Companies Abstract This thesis deals with advance payments of the share in the profit concerning the limited companies. Its aim is to analyse in more detail this for practice relatively new legal institute, to deal with its relatively brief regulation in the Business Corporations Act, and to offer possible solutions to some still doctrinally unfinished issues. It also attempts to outline the wider context of the current legislation of advances of the share in the profit, especially their historical development, relevant European law and also some foreign legal regulations. The amendment to the Business Corporation Act, which is currently under consideration, is reflected as well. The thesis is divided into four main parts. The first part defines conceptually advances in civil law and advances of the share in the profit. The regulation of advances of the share in the profit and its historical development is introduced, and the possibilities of using this institute are listed. In the second part, the particular conditions for the paying of advances of the share in the profit are analysed in detail. Among other things, the issue of time applicability of the interim financial statements is also examined, together with its possible replacement by an ordinary...
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Advance payments of the share in the profit of limited companies
Bastlová, Michaela ; Čech, Petr (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
Advance Payments of the Share in the Profit of Limited Companies Abstract This thesis deals with advance payments of the share in the profit concerning the limited companies. Its aim is to analyse in more detail this for practice relatively new legal institute, to deal with its relatively brief regulation in the Business Corporations Act, and to offer possible solutions to some still doctrinally unfinished issues. It also attempts to outline the wider context of the current legislation of advances of the share in the profit, especially their historical development, relevant European law and also some foreign legal regulations. The amendment to the Business Corporation Act, which is currently under consideration, is reflected as well. The thesis is divided into four main parts. The first part defines conceptually advances in civil law and advances of the share in the profit. The regulation of advances of the share in the profit and its historical development is introduced, and the possibilities of using this institute are listed. In the second part, the particular conditions for the paying of advances of the share in the profit are analysed in detail. Among other things, the issue of time applicability of the interim financial statements is also examined, together with its possible replacement by an ordinary...
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Taxation of selected forms of business with regard with regard to a potential social security benefits
Horčičková, Martina ; Klazar, Stanislav (advisor) ; Brabcová, Pavlína (referee)
This thesis deals with income taxation of selected types of business. It also deals with social security benefits and their potential claim for taxpayers in relation to the taxation. The main objective of this work is to compare the taxation of self-employed persons and taxation of Ltd. company partners with regard to a potential social security benefits. Concerning Ltd. shareholders, the thesis is focused on the taxation of their income as employees in the company and on the taxation resulting from their profit share. The first chapter describes the taxpayers´ mandatory payments with regard to main differences stemming from the income type. The second chapter deals with declared social security benefits depending on the insurance paid to a relevant subsystem of social insurance. In the last chapter, learned findings are applied to a model example to compare the total tax burden, including taking into consideration the likely social security benefits.
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Partnerships and capital companies - accounting and taxation connections
Hejlová, Veronika ; Müllerová, Libuše (advisor) ; Janhubová, Jaroslava (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to consider whether capital companies are more advantageous than partnerships from perspective of taxation of companion's income. Only companies in the Czech legal environment are included. The initial hypothesis is that limited liability company and joint-stock company are the best option, because according to statistical data these are the most frequently present legal forms of business in the Czech Republic. The comparison is carried out in general model of taxation of selected type of income. The parts of this thesis are also attachments which complement analyses by some summaries and calculations.
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Accounting and tax aspects of equity
Swaczynová, Lucie ; Bokšová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Randáková, Monika (referee)
The thesis deals with the analysis of equity transactions and comparing the impact of these transactions for accounting and tax purposes. The introduction describes the characteristics of equity and its arrangement in the balance sheet. The thesis focuses on how the legal regulations of the capital companies are reflected in the accounting of these legal entities and what are the tax impacts of transactions with equity. This includes issues of increase and decrease of share capital, profit shares, capital fund creation, including valuation differences from revaluation of assets and liabilities. There is also mentioned the issue of creating the structure of equity in the transformation of commercial corporations. The final part deals with the disclosure of equity information in the Statement of Changes in Equity.
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